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  • Offer Profile
  • Axetris AG first started developing and producing micro-technical components in 1998 and has continued to establish and develop its expertise ever since. Axetris is a leading provider of components and modules for gas sensing, gas flow and gas control, powered by Axetris’ proprietary platinum based Pt-microchip technology. All products are manufactured at Axetris’ state-of-the-art micro-technology clean room facilities in the central part of Switzerland.

    The product range includes ultra-compact, high-accuracy and fast response mass-flow meters and controllers, rugged infrared light sources for advanced gas sensing applications in mid-IR and high-selectivity laser gas detectors based on tuneable diode laser spectrometry.

    Axetris is also a leading provider of micro-optical lenses and diffractive optics and offers MEMS Services for select customers. Axetris engineering and manufacturing teams combine broad experience in design, manufacturing and metrology from the microchip to advanced electronic modules.
Product Portfolio

  • Axetris Puts micro-technology to work

  • Axetris serves OEM customers with micro technology based (MEMS) infrared light sources, laser gas sensors, gas flow sensors & controllers and micro-optical components used in industrial, telecom, environmental, medical and automotive applications.

    我们的多学科和高技术工程师ing and manufacturing teams combine broad experience in design, manufacturing and metrology from MEMS components to advanced optical and electronic sensor modules. Axetris supports its customers with in-depth application know-how. Customers benefit from excellent product value, consistent high product quality and outstanding customer support. OEMs rely on Axetris worldwide as a competent partner for customer-specific solutions from concept to volume production. Axetris is ISO 9001:2015 certified and operates its own 6-inch to 8-inch wafer MEMS foundry for its own products and contract manufacturing for external customers. A wafer back end, a sensor assembly and calibration facility under clean room conditions completes the manufacturing infrastructure of Axetris.

      • Micro-Optics Products

        • Micro-Optics Components: Refractive and diffractive lenses
        • MEMS-Services

        Refractive Optics
        • Micro-lenses
        • Micro-lens arrays
        • Spherical / Aspherical
        • Apertures 10 µm - 1.5 mm

        Diffractive Optics
        • Diffraction Gratings
        • Diffractive Optical Element (DOE)
        • Transmissive & Reflective
        • Binary … 16 level
        • Periods 3 µm … greater than 1 mm

      • Infrared Sources

      • Axetris IR sources are micro-machined, electrically modulated thermal infrared emitters featuring true blackbody radiation characteristics, low power consumption, high emissivity and a long lifetime. The patented design is based on a resistive heating element integrated onto a thin dielectric membrane which is suspended on a micro-machined silicon structure.

        Benefits
        • True black body radiation (2 to 14 μm) High emissivity Fast electrical modulation (no chopper wheel needed)
        • High modulation depth
        • High electrical input to optical output efficiency
        • Low power consumption
        • Long lifetime
        • Rugged MEMS design (passed the requirements of IEC 60721-3-7 Class 7M3, except for BaF2 and CaF2 windows

      • Laser Gas Detection

      • Laser Gas Detection (LGD), based on Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLS), provides a solution to many gas detection challenges in emission monitoring and process control. The technology offers unique advantages like precise optical and contactless measurement, excellent target gas selectivity and sub ppm-level detectivity.

        Benefits:
        • Real-time measurement
        • Long-term stability
        • Service-friendly design
        • Self-contained, easy to integrate

        Axetris offers a various number of standard and custom solutions:
        • LGD F200
        • LGD Compact
        • Custom OEM Solutions

    • Micro-Optics Products

        • MLA Microlenses

        • Axetris' fast axis collimators are acylindrical microlenses designed for collimating the «fast axis» of high-power laser diodes and laser diode bars. They can be used in combination with our slow axis collimators.
          • Diffraction limited collimation of the «fast axis»
          • Minimized beam divergence
          • Optimized acylindrical lens profile
          • Matched to slow axis collimators

          Technical Data
          Attribute Unit Value
          Focal length mm 0.6 - 0.9
          Numerical aperture (N.A). μm > 0.8
          Surface profile deviation μm
          Collimation mrad
          Lens size mm
          Collimated beam height mm
          AR coating %

          Scope of delivery
          Micro-tubes, undiced wafer, diced wafer, waffle packs

        • MLS Microlenses

        • Axetris' laser diode collimation microlenses are designed and optimized for efficient collimation of edge emitting laser diodes (LDs) and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). Applications include collimation of laser diodes and focusing onto photodiodes for optical fiber communications and optical sensing.
          • High coupling efficiency
          • High N.A.
          • Diffraction limited
          • Telcordia compliant

          Technical Data
          LDC
          Attribute Unit
          Lens aperture diameter μm
          Numerical aperture (N.A). μm
          AR coating %

        • SAC Microlenses

        • Axetris' slow axis collimators are arrays of cylindrical microlenses designed for collimating the «slow axis» of high-power laser diodes and bars. They can be used in combination with our fast axis collimators.
          • Collimation of the «slow axis»
          • Compensation of beam astigmatism
          • Compatible with high power laser diodes and bars
          • Minimal scattering losses, low surface roughness
          • Matched to fast axis collimators

          Technical Data
          Attribute Unit
          Array pitch (emitter spacing) μm
          Lens arrays substrate size mm
          Effective focal length mm
          AR coating %

        • Shack-Hartmann Lens Arrays

        • Axetris' Shack-Hartmann lens arrays are the heart of Shack-Hartmann wavefront-sensors. These microlens arrays are available in fused silica and in a variety of focal lengths.
          • Diffraction limited
          • Superior surface quality
          • Interstitial masking (optional)
          • Long focal lengths

          Technical Data
          Attribute Unit Value
          Array pitch μm
          Focal length mm 5.6 - 15
          Surface profile deviation μm
          AR coating %

      • MEMS Manufacturing

            • MEMS Manufacturing

            • We offer custom manufacturing solutions to OEM manufacturers ranging from concept to high volume manufacturing. Our foundry is equipped for 200mm and 150mm wafer sizes and includes the standard MEMS processes such as wet chemistry, lithography and thin film processing. Our high standard of quality control is ensured by a suite of metrological systems and the use of modern statistical methods which underpin all of our production processes which follows the guidelines of the TS 16949. As an ISO 9001:2015 certified company, we ensure the highest level of quality at a consistent level.

        • 红外气体检测和监控

            • EMIRS 200

            • Axetris IR sources are micro-machined, electrically modulated thermal infrared emitters featuring true black body radiation characteristics, low power consumption, high emissivity and a long lifetime. The appropriate design is based on a resistive heating element integrated onto a thin dielectric membrane which is suspended on a micro-machined silicon structure.

              The EMIRS200 IR Sources are packaged in compact TO-39 cans and are available with protective cap or with reflector. They can be fitted with either Sapphire, CaF2 or BaF2 or Germanium windows.

              Axetris IR sources are ideally suited for advanced IR gas detection modules like non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy (NDIR), photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy (PAS) and attenuated-total-reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (ATR).

              Because of the broadband emission, Axetris IR sources can be used for all IR-active Target gases such as CO, CO2, VOC, NOx, NH3, SOx, SF6, hydrocarbons, humidity, anesthetic agents, refrigerants, breath alcohols.

                • Chip on TO header

                • Benefits
                  • True black body radiation (2 to 14 μm)
                  • High emissivity
                  • Fast electrical modulation (no chopper wheel needed)
                  • High modulation depth
                  • High electrical input to optical output efficiency
                  • Low power consumption
                  • Long lifetime
                  • Rugged MEMS design (passed the requirements of IEC 60721-3-7 Class 7M3, except for BaF2 and CaF2 windows)

                • Customized

                • Benefits
                  • True black body radiation (2 to 14 μm)
                  • High emissivity
                  • Fast electrical modulation (no chopper wheel needed)
                  • High modulation depth
                  • High electrical input to optical output efficiency
                  • Low power consumption
                  • Long lifetime
                  • Rugged MEMS design (passed the requirements of IEC 60721-3-7 Class 7M3, except for BaF2 and CaF2 windows)

                • TO39 with Cap

                • Benefits
                  • True black body radiation (2 to 14 μm)
                  • High emissivity
                  • Fast electrical modulation (no chopper wheel needed)
                  • High modulation depth
                  • High electrical input to optical output efficiency
                  • Low power consumption
                  • Long lifetime
                  • Rugged MEMS design (passed the requirements of IEC 60721-3-7 Class 7M3, except for BaF2 and CaF2 windows

                • TO39 with Reflector 1

                • Benefits
                  • True black body radiation (2 to 14 μm)
                  • High emissivity
                  • Fast electrical modulation (no chopper wheel needed)
                  • High modulation depth
                  • High electrical input to optical output efficiency
                  • Low power consumption
                  • Long lifetime
                  • Rugged MEMS design (passed the requirements of IEC 60721-3-7 Class 7M3, except for BaF2 and CaF2 windows)

                • TO39 with Reflector 2

                • Benefits
                  • True black body radiation (2 to 14 μm)
                  • High emissivity
                  • Fast electrical modulation (no chopper wheel needed)
                  • High modulation depth
                  • High electrical input to optical output efficiency
                  • Low power consumption
                  • Long lifetime
                  • Rugged MEMS design (passed the requirements of IEC 60721-3-7 Class 7M3, except for BaF2 and CaF2 windows)

                • TO39 with Reflector 3

                • Benefits
                  • True black body radiation (2 to 14 μm) High emissivity
                  • Fast electrical modulation (no chopper wheel needed)
                  • High modulation depth
                  • High electrical input to optical output efficiency
                  • Low power consumption
                  • Long lifetime
                  • Rugged MEMS design (passed the requirements of IEC 60721-3-7 Class 7M3, except for BaF2 and CaF2 windows)

                • TO39 with Reflector 4

                • Benefits
                  • True black body radiation (2 to 14 μm)
                  • High emissivity
                  • Fast electrical modulation (no chopper wheel needed)
                  • High modulation depth
                  • High electrical input to optical output efficiency
                  • Low power consumption
                  • Long lifetime
                  • Rugged MEMS design (passed the requirements of IEC 60721-3-7 Class 7M3, except for BaF2 and CaF2 windows)

              • EMIRS 50

              • Axetris IR sources are micro-machined, electrically modulated thermal infrared emitters featuring true black body radiation characteristics, low power consumption, high emissivity and a long lifetime. The appropriate design is based on a resistive heating element integrated onto a thin dielectric membrane which is suspended on a micro-machined silicon structure.

                The EMIRS50 are packaged in compact TO-46 cans and are available with protective cap or with reflector. They can be fitted with either Sapphire, BaF2 or Si ARC windows. For Mid-, and High volume applications new scaled wafer level tested and SMD packaged EMIRS50 products are under development.

                Axetris IR sources are ideally suited for compact gas detection modules.

                Axetris IR sources are ideally suited for very compact IR gas detection modules like non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy (NDIR), photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy (PAS) and attenuated-total-reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (ATR).

                Axetris IR sources have been successfully integrated for many years in various medical, industrial and safety applications. Typical target gases are CO2, refrigerants, hydrocarbons, NOX, alcohol and many more.

                  • Chip on TO header

                  • Key features for all Axetris infrared sources
                    • True black body radiation (2 to 14 μm)
                    • High emissivity Fast electrical modulation (no chopper wheel required)
                    • High modulation depth
                    • Energy efficient (excellent optical output)
                    • Superior lifetime

                    Special EMIRS50 Features (compared to EMIRS200)
                    • 3x smaller
                    • 2x more efficient
                    • 3x faster
                    • Excellent signal-to-noise ratio (due to higher frequency)

                  • Customized

                  • Key features for all Axetris infrared sources
                    • True black body radiation (2 to 14 μm)
                    • High emissivity
                    • Fast electrical modulation (no chopper wheel required)
                    • High modulation depth
                    • Energy efficient (excellent optical output)
                    • Superior lifetime

                    Special EMIRS50 Features (compared to EMIRS200)
                    • 3x smaller
                    • 2x more efficient
                    • 3x faster
                    • Excellent signal-to-noise ratio (due to higher frequency)

                  • TO46 with Cap

                  • Key features for all Axetris infrared sources
                    • True black body radiation (2 to 14 μm)
                    • High emissivity
                    • Fast electrical modulation (no chopper wheel required)
                    • High modulation depth
                    • Energy efficient (excellent optical output)
                    • Superior lifetime

                    Special EMIRS50 Features (compared to EMIRS200)
                    • 3x smaller
                    • 2x more efficient
                    • 3x faster
                    • Excellent signal-to-noise ratio (due to higher frequency)

                  • TO46 with Reflector 5

                  • Key features for all Axetris infrared sources
                    • True black body radiation (2 to 14 μm)
                    • High emissivity
                    • Fast electrical modulation (no chopper wheel required)
                    • High modulation depth
                    • Energy efficient (excellent optical output)
                    • Superior lifetime

                    Special EMIRS50 Features (compared to EMIRS200)
                    • 3x smaller
                    • 2x more efficient
                    • 3x faster
                    • Excellent signal-to-noise ratio (due to higher frequency)

                  • TO46 with Reflector 6

                  • Key features for all Axetris infrared sources
                    • True black body radiation (2 to 14 μm)
                    • High emissivity
                    • Fast electrical modulation (no chopper wheel required)
                    • High modulation depth
                    • Energy efficient (excellent optical output)
                    • Superior lifetime

                    Special EMIRS50 Features (compared to EMIRS200)
                    • 3x smaller
                    • 2x more efficient
                    • 3x faster
                    • Excellent signal-to-noise ratio (due to higher frequency)

                  • TO46 with Reflector 7

                  • Key features for all Axetris infrared sources
                    • True black body radiation (2 to 14 μm)
                    • High emissivity
                    • Fast electrical modulation (no chopper wheel required)
                    • High modulation depth
                    • Energy efficient (excellent optical output)
                    • Superior lifetime

                    Special EMIRS50 Features (compared to EMIRS200)
                    • 3x smaller
                    • 2x more efficient
                    • 3x faster
                    • Excellent signal-to-noise ratio (due to higher frequency)

                • Laser Gas Detection

                    • Axetris LGD F200P2

                    • 通过引入Axetris的平台2' LGD F200 customers benefit from higher gas detection performance thanks to improvements in the product architecture. The new design reduces warm-up time of the gas measurement cell, which enables a shorter time to a stable measurement for hot gas applications. Platform 2 further improves the long-term stability by making the product more robust, even in environments with heavy dust concentrations. These benefits translate into lower maintenance effort and longer zero/span intervals for gas analyzers. Lastly, product modularity makes field service tasks easier and more cost-efficient for the end user.

                        • LGD F200P2-H NH3

                        • Axetris’ Laser Gas Detection modules LGD F200P2-H NH3 fitting perfectly to a wide range of industrial applications where reliability and real-time measurement combined with high performance matters. This sensor design has already proven its performance in NH3 slip measurements at power plants and waste incinerators and is also available as a QAL1 compliant version.

                          Benefits at a Glance:
                          • Long-term stability
                          • Quicker warm-up time
                          • Service-friendly design

                        • LGD F200P2-H HCl

                        • Axetris’ Laser Gas Detection modules LGD F200P2-H HCl are used by customers for continuous emission monitoring, where the detection of lowest concentrations are important. These sensors are also available as QAL1 compliant versions.

                          Benefits at a Glance:
                          • Improved Sensitivity
                          • Quicker warm-up time
                          • Service-friendly design

                        • LGD F200P2-H H2O

                        • Axetris’ Laser Gas Detection modules LGD F200P2-H H2O are a perfect match for applications where continuous monitoring of water vapor is an important factor for process stability and quality. These sensor modules have already proven their performance in NH3 slip measurements at power plants and waste incinerators.

                          Benefits at a Glance:
                          • Fast response time
                          • Quicker warm-up time
                          • Service-friendly design

                        • LGD F200P2-A CH4

                        • Axetris’ Laser Gas Detection modules LGD F200P2-A CH4 have proven their added value in various applications in the medical and environmental segment, where fast response times, high selectivity and low detection limits makes the difference.

                          Benefits at a Glance:
                          • High selectivity to target gas
                          • Real-time measurement
                          • Self-contained, easy to integrate

                          The LGD F200P2-A CH4 will be phased out Q4 2021 and will be replaced by the new LGD Compact-A.

                      • LGD Compact

                      • The new LGD Compact combines TDLS technology with a small and lightweight designed multipass cell and a modulation-based active noise reduction thanks to the unique optical laser package. Therefore, it is a perfect match for a wide range of portable instruments where performance and compact size matters. Its over-all size of less than a can with a weight of 600 g allows for an easy integration. Due to the high selectivity, second gases can be measured at the same time without interference or confusion between the target gases. With these opportunities the new LGD Compact can be a perfect match for many gas measurement tasks.

                        乐金显示器紧凑,Axetris已经开发出一种更小atile product that meets most of our customers‘ requirements for their applications. The new LGD Compact will replace its widely-sold predecessor, the LGD F200P2-A from Q1 2021 on.

                          • LGD Compact A NH3

                          • 乐金显示器契约- Axetris的激光气体检测模块NH3/H2O can be a benefit for many environmental applications like monitoring of NH3 emissions in agriculture and livestock and also for quality control in biogas production.
                            Furthermore, the detection of NH3 in human breath can help to detect diseases at an early stage and thereby contributes to cost savings in healthcare systems.

                            Benefits at a Glance:
                            • Designed for portable instruments
                            • Sub ppm detection limits
                            • high target gas selectivity

                          • LGD Compact-A CH4

                          • 乐金显示器契约- Axetris的激光气体检测模块CH4 are developed especially for the needs in natural gas detection, where fast response times and low detection limits makes the difference.

                            If there is a need for portable measurement or stationary installations for leak detection, the LGD Compact can help to optimally solve this measurement task.

                            Benefits at a Glance:
                            • Designed for portable instruments
                            • Sub ppm detection limits Fast response time

                          • LGD Compact-A CH4/CO2

                          • 乐金显示器契约- Axetris的激光气体检测模块CH4/CO2 can deliver a valuable benefit through the additional CO2 measurement e.g. for environmental measurements or in medical breath gas analysis. Both gases are displayed with a high measuring frequency and can therefore be used very well for applications where real time measurements play an important role.

                            Benefits at a Glance:
                            • Designed for portable instruments
                            • Two target gases in real time measurement
                            • High target gas selectivity

                          • LGD Compact-A CH4/C2H6

                          • 乐金显示器契约- Axetris的激光气体检测模块CH4/C2H6 are an extension of the CH4 modules for leak detection in order to be able to confirm the source of a CH4 leak in real time.

                            The user can decide to measure only CH4 or both gases simultaneously, which eliminates the need for further measuring equipment and makes the measurement even more user-friendly.

                            Benefits at a Glance:
                            • Designed for portable instruments
                            • Two target gases in real time measurement
                            • Single- and dual-gas mode available

                          • LGD Compact-A C2H2/H2O

                          • 乐金显示器契约- Axetris的激光气体检测模块C2H2/H2O are a suitable solution for several measurement tasks in air quality and safety monitoring. With a continuous and real time measurement several processes in the chemical industries can be monitored and improved.

                            Benefits at a Glance:
                            • Designed for portable instruments
                            • Sub ppm detection limits
                            • Real-time measurement

                        • Custom OEM Solutions

                              • Custom OEM Module

                              • Axetris AG is a designer and OEM manufacturer of Laser Gas Detection (LGD) solutions based on Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLS). The TDLS technology provides a valid solution to many gas detection challenges. We support our OEM customers with in-depth technology and application expertise from feasibilities until product launch. We collaborate with you in finding the right product design which best suits your needs in terms of performance and costs. How Axetris enables its OEM customers to master gas measurement challenges? Axetris provides easy-to-integrate sensor modules with Swiss Made quality and precision allowing you to reach new applications or simply to make your instruments better.

                                Understanding customer needs very well from the outset is essential to the development of an appropriate OEM product. This is where our core competencies come in: our customers trust in our TDLS technology expertise, practical application knowledge, and experience in the OEM business. On the basis of the jointly defined product requirements, we develop a solution and verify its feasibility at an early stage through initial laboratory tests as well as field tests. The test results help us optimize the product design which is then industrialized in order to reach market readiness. In doing so, we not only establish the performance expected of the future product; we also deal with the matter of cost in order to make it possible for our customers to get the OEM solution that best suits to their requirements. As an OEM partner, we assist our customers with the integration at their side as well as with technical trainings. We have a competent Application Engineering Team for consulting in the fields of product integration and after-sales support. Our Repair & Service Center performs repairs, maintenance, and recalibration.

                          • Applications

                              • Micro-Optics and Services

                              • We couple your light

                                Axetris AG serves customers with a wide range of micro-optics products – from refractive micro-optic lenses and lens arrays to diffractive optical elements in silicon and fused silica - covering the entire wavelength range from UV to mid IR. Axetris serves customers from various industries such as telecommunications, optical sensing, metrology, laser systems, 3D photography, medical applications etc. Axetris standard micro-optics products include fast and slow axis collimators for high power laser diode bars, fiber micro-lens arrays and aspheric micro-lenses and arrays for edge emitting laser diodes and VCSEL. Our engineering and manufacturing teams combine broad experience in simulation, design, manufacturing and metrology for refractive and diffractive optics. Our optics engineering and manufacturing team will support you from prototyping to volume production helping you to meet your specific design goals.

                                在电信行业,Axetris沥青质ical and spherical microlenses and lens arrays are used in high speed components requiring very high coupling efficiency, such as WSS, Coherent - ICRs, ACOs, Modulators, µITLAs and TOSAs & ROSAs for 100G/400G/1T components and modules.

                                Axetris operates its own 6” to 8” wafer MEMS foundry in Central Switzerland where our customers benefit from excellent product value, consistent high product quality and outstanding customer support.

                                Further capabilities
                                • Metallization and solder pads
                                • Alignment marks
                                • Double-sided processing
                                • Mechanical or DRIE structures

                                  • Communication

                                  • Axetris offers micro-lenses and lens arrays for Client & Line side TOSA / ROSA for CFPs, QSFP28, ICR / ACO, Modulator, µITLA, FTTx, PON and Silicon Photonics (SiP) and PICs.

                                    Micro-Optics are used in a variety of telecom applications:
                                    • Fiber coupling array
                                    • Laser diode collimation
                                    • MUX DEMUX
                                    • Optical communication
                                    • OXC
                                    • R OADM
                                    • Tunable diode laser

                                    TOSA / ROSA
                                    • 100G / 200G / 400G components
                                    • Client & Line side TOSA / ROSA for CFPs, QSFP28, ICR / ACO, Modulator, µITLA, FTTx, PON
                                    • WSS / Switches
                                    • 硅光子学/图片

                                  • Industrial

                                  • Axetris Micro-Optics are used in a variety of industrial applications:
                                    • High power lasers
                                    • Material inspection
                                    • Material processing
                                    • Medical lasers
                                    • Solid state laser pumping
                                    • Wavefront sensing

                                • Infrared Sources

                                • The scalable broadband
                                  IR Source

                                  Axetris Infrared Sources (IRS) offer micro-machined, electrically modulated thermal infrared emitters featuring true blackbody radiation characteristics, low power consumption, high emissivity and a long lifetime. The design is based on a resistive heating element integrated onto a thin dielectric membrane which is suspended on a micro-machined silicon structure. Infrared sources from Axetris are used in a number of gas detection applications in medical, industrial, environmental and automotive industries.

                                  Benefits

                                  • True black body radiation (2 to 14 μm)
                                  • High emissivity
                                  • Fast electrical modulation (no chopper wheel needed)
                                  • High modulation depth
                                  • High electrical input to optical output efficiency
                                  • Low power consumption
                                  • Long lifetime
                                  • Rugged MEMS design (passed the requirements of IEC 60721-3-7 Class 7M3, except for BaF2 and CaF2 windows

                                    • Infrared Sources for Medical Applications

                                        • Anesthesia Monitoring

                                        • Anesthesia agent monitoring identifies and quantifies the anesthesia. This is done by using infrared absorption techniques to control the phases of the anesthesia. Therefore several gases have to be measured at once – online, accurately and reliably.
                                          Targeted gases are Halotane, Isoflurane, Enflurane, Sevofluorane, Desflurane, CO2, N2O.

                                          The trend to miniaturize such modules showcases the advantages of the Axetris MEMS-based broadband infrared source for NDIR gas detection.

                                          Advantages of Axetris Infrared Sources :
                                          • True black body radiation (2 to 14 μm) for all gases
                                          • High emissivity
                                          • Small size
                                          • Fast electrical modulation (no chopper wheel needed)
                                          • High modulation depth
                                          • Low power consumption
                                          • Long lifetime

                                          Axetris offers solutions by providing a portfolio of IR sources with several reflector with or without integrated windows (BaF2, CaF2, GeART100).

                                        • Capnography

                                        • Capnography is the monitoring of the concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the respiratory gases. The CO2 concentration during a single breath is measured in a high temporal resolution to monitor the condition of the lungs. Initially used in hospital surveillance and emergency care, capnography is on the way to becoming popular in home care medicine. The trend to miniaturize such modules showcases the advantages of the Axetris MEMS-based broadband infrared (IR) sources for nondispersive infrared detector (NDIR) gas detection.

                                          Advantages of Axetris Infrared Sources:
                                          • High emission at 4.26μm
                                          • Small size
                                          • Fast electrical modulation (Modulation frequency: >10Hz)
                                          • High modulation depth Low power consumption
                                          • Long lifetime

                                          Axetris offers solutions by providing a portfolio of IR sources with several reflectors with or without integrated windows (BaF2, CaF2, GeART100).

                                        • Blood Gas Analysis

                                        • Blood gas analysis is an important medical diagnostic tool, where partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) and O2 (pO2) are typically measured. A number of non-invasive techniques for blood gas analysis have been recently developed. One such important non-invasive technique is transcutaneous (tc) blood gas analysis, where the partial pressures of these gases are measured across the surface of the skin. Transcutaneous blood gas analysis is fast becoming a popular technique, especially for use in neonatal monitoring, where invasive blood gas monitoring cannot be used.

                                          Axetris IR sources are well-suited for use in tc blood gas monitors based on NDIR measurement with key advantages such as very small size, low thermal mass, high electrical input to optical output efficiency and stable emission characteristics.

                                          Advantages of Axetris Infrared Sources :
                                          • High emission at 4.26μm
                                          • Small size
                                          • Fast electrical modulation (Modulation frequency: >10Hz)
                                          • High modulation depth
                                          • Low power consumption
                                          • Long lifetime

                                          Axetris offers solutions by providing a portfolio of IR sources with several reflector with or without integrated windows (BaF2, CaF2, GeART100).

                                        • Pulmonary Diagnostics

                                        • NDIR是一种广为接受的技术来测量和monitor various gases related to pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Various such techniques, which are related to spirometry, have been developed in the last decade, where a quick and precise monitoring of certain gases is necessary. Typical gases are CO and CO2, but also methane (CH4) and various nitrogen oxides.
                                          Axetris IR Sources are the ideal choice for use in such diagnostic instruments.

                                          Advantages of Axetris Infrared Sources :
                                          • High emission at 4.26μm
                                          • Small size
                                          • Fast electrical modulation (Modulation frequency: >10Hz)
                                          • High modulation depth
                                          • Low power consumption
                                          • Long lifetime

                                          Axetris offers solutions by providing a portfolio of IR sources with several reflector with or without integrated windows (BaF2, CaF2, GeART100).

                                      • Infrared Sources for Industrial and Safety Applications

                                          • Combustible and Toxic Gas Detection

                                          • Combustible Gas Detection
                                            Combustible gas detection is a necessity to ensure safety of personnel working in hazardous or dangerous environments. Combustible and explosive gas accumulation, due to leaks or process irregularities, can not only endanger factory workers, but also the adjacent population.
                                            A fast and accurate measurement of combustible gases below the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) is essential in such cases. NDIR sensors provide concrete benefits over traditional technologies based on solid-state sensors (e.g. catalytic bead) such as high accuracy, lifetime, and low cost of ownership.

                                            Toxic Gas Detection
                                            A number of toxic gases, such as CO, H2S, HCN, as well as a wide range of hydrocarbons are used widely in industry, and even small leaks can be extremely harmful. Reliable and quick detection of toxic gases is critical to protecting workers and the general population.
                                            NDIR sensors provide concrete benefits over traditional technologies, e.g., catalytic bead or electrochemical detection, such as high accuracy, lifetime, and low cost of ownership.

                                            Advantages of Axetris Infrared Sources :
                                            • High emission at 4.26μm
                                            • Small size
                                            • Fast electrical modulation (Modulation frequency: >10Hz)
                                            • High modulation depth
                                            • Low power consumption
                                            • Long lifetime

                                            Axetris offers solutions by providing a portfolio of IR sources with several reflector with /or without integrated windows (BaF2, CaF2, GeART100).

                                          • Refrigerant Monitoring

                                          • Today a large variety of refrigerants such as Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are used in industrial and domestic air-conditioning products.

                                            The monitoring of refrigerant gases for process control and safety is critical due to the ability of most refrigerant gases to have serious environmental consequences.

                                            Gas sensors based on Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) or Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS) have the ability to detect such refrigerant gases even in small concentrations, thereby acting as reliable leak detectors.

                                            Advantages of Axetris Infrared Sources :
                                            • High emission at 4.26μm
                                            • Small size
                                            • Fast electrical modulation (Modulation frequency: >10Hz)
                                            • High modulation depth
                                            • Low power consumption
                                            • Long lifetime

                                            Axetris offers solutions by providing a portfolio of IR sources with several reflector with /or without integrated windows (BaF2, CaF2, GeART100).

                                          • SF6 Monitoring

                                          • Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) is widely used as an electrical insulator and dielectric medium, and more than 10,000 tons of it is produced globally each year. However, SF6 is an extremely potent greenhouse gas, and also can cause medical conditions such as asphyxiation.
                                            SF6 gas detection applications can be divided into two broad areas - purity checking and leak detection. A %volume NDIR sensor usually is used for checking SF6 purity before filling in electrical installations such as switchgears. On the other hand, NDIR gas sensors with ppm-level detection limits are used to protect workers' health and limit damage to the environment.
                                            NDIR is the technology of choice for SF6 detection and monitoring, allowing detection of SF6 at low concentrations with a quick response time and high selectivity.

                                            Advantages of Axetris Infrared Sources :
                                            • High emission at 4.26μm
                                            • Small size
                                            • Fast electrical modulation (Modulation frequency: >10Hz)
                                            • High modulation depth
                                            • Low power consumption
                                            • Long lifetime

                                            Axetris offers solutions by providing a portfolio of IR sources with several reflector with /or without integrated windows (BaF2, CaF2, GeART100).

                                          • Fruit Ripening Monitoring

                                          • The controlled use of ripening agents to regulate the ripening of fruits is gaining importance. Typical ripening agents are ethylene and acetylene. Such ripening agents must be carefully controlled in ppm concentration levels in order to achieve the correct degree of fruit ripening, allowing the fruits to reach consumers at the ideal time.

                                            NDIR is the technology of choice for SF6 detection and monitoring, allowing detection of SF6 at low concentrations with a quick response time and high selectivity.

                                            Advantages of Axetris Infrared Sources :
                                            • High emission at 4.26μm
                                            • Small size
                                            • Fast electrical modulation (Modulation frequency: >10Hz)
                                            • High modulation depth
                                            • Low power consumption
                                            • Long lifetime

                                            Axetris offers solutions by providing a portfolio of IR sources with several reflector with /or without integrated windows (BaF2, CaF2, GeART100).

                                          • Flame Detection

                                          • A reliable flame detection system is absolutely essential to ensure safety in industrial environments. A flame detection system is usually integrated with an alarm system and used to trigger reactions, such as activating a fire suppression system or notifying the operator or safety officer.

                                            因为大量的火焰detector designs are based on measurement of infrared radiation, a stable and dependable IR source is often used as a reference source. The reference IR source is used to undertake periodic functional checks of the detector, and also to trigger any detector compensation processes.

                                            A MEMS-based IR source, such as the one from Axetris, delivers key advantages such as long lifetime, stable emission over time, and fast electrical modulation.

                                            Advantages of Axetris Infrared Sources :
                                            • High emission at 4.26μm
                                            • Small size
                                            • Fast electrical modulation (Modulation frequency: >10Hz)
                                            • High modulation depth
                                            • Low power consumption
                                            • Long lifetime

                                            Axetris offers solutions by providing a portfolio of IR sources with several reflector with /or without integrated windows (BaF2, CaF2, GeART100).

                                          • Liquid Analysis using ATR

                                          • Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) spectroscopy is a technique where a beam of infrared light is passed through a crystal which allows total internal reflection. The infrared beam penetrates the surface of a liquid or solid sample, and the eventual signal profile received at the detector can be used to characterize the sample.

                                            The effectiveness of ATR spectroscopy has been further enhanced by use in conjunction with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Today, ATR finds increasing acceptance as a measurement technology for various industrial applications, e.g. quality control of lubricants, cutting fluid, and other liquids such as gasoline, milk, chemical reagents, etc. A number of medical applications, such as glucose measurement in blood or urine, also rely on the ATR spectroscopic principle.

                                            Axetris Infrared sources provide excellent emission characteristics in the mid-IR range for such applications, and the Axetris team also delivers competent support in achieving highly collimated beams by using suitable reflectors and optics.

                                            Advantages of Axetris Infrared Sources :
                                            • High emission at 4.26μm
                                            • Small size
                                            • Fast electrical modulation (Modulation frequency: >10Hz)
                                            • High modulation depth
                                            • Low power consumption
                                            • Long lifetime

                                            Axetris offers solutions by providing a portfolio of IR sources with several reflector with /or without integrated windows (BaF2, CaF2, GeART100).

                                          • Semiconductor Fabrication

                                          • Control and detection of various gases is essential for semiconductor fabrication or Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) processes.

                                            In semiconductor fabrication, various etchants can be measured using NDIR technology, and the measurement can be used for process control. In CVD processes, e.g. Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD), NDIR detection can be used for precursor delivery systems.

                                            NDIR is a preferred detection method for gases absorbing in the mid IR range, delivering high detectivity and stable measurement performance over time.

                                            Advantages of Axetris Infrared Sources :
                                            • High emission at 4.26μm
                                            • Small size
                                            • Fast electrical modulation (Modulation frequency: >10Hz) High modulation depth Low power consumption Long lifetime

                                            Axetris offers solutions by providing a portfolio of IR sources with several reflector with /or without integrated windows (BaF2, CaF2, GeART100).

                                        • Laser Gas Detection

                                        • Your OEM Partner for Gas Sensing Applications

                                          Axetris’ Laser Gas Detection modules are stand-alone, ready-to-use OEM subsystems for selective detection and monitoring of gases.

                                          Laser Gas Detection (LGD), based on Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometry (TDLS), provides a solution to many gas detection challenges in emission monitoring and process control. The technology offers unique advantages like precise optical, contact-less measurements, excellent target gas selectivity and sub ppm-level detectivity.

                                          Axetris使用专有技术强化tdlfor gas detection, where a 0.05 nm narrow bandwidth diode laser beam is scanned across an absorption band of the target gas (figure 1), performing a high-resolution near-infrared absorption measurement. Electronic lock-in technology allows separating the gas absorption information from electro-optical system information, leading to a detection method eliminating the need for a physical reference channel and offering continuous sensor status monitoring.

                                          The use of telecom-type laser diodes as light source, combined with Axetris’ intellectual property of reference channel-free devices, reduces the gas sensor to a set of generic components and makes it an affordable solution for a wide range of applications.

                                            • Environmental Compliance

                                                • CH4 Leak Detection

                                                • CH₄ leak detection from gas extraction over land or subsea transportation pipelines up to city-gas distribution leak search Methane and other hydrocarbon emissions from extraction sites, gas treatment plants, from leakages in pipelines and city-gas networks are not only a safety hazard but also present a serious challenge in reducing overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

                                                  Fast reaction times due to minimized cell volume and rugged layout make the LGD Module an excellent instrument for CH₄-specific measurements. These characteristics are required for portable and vehicle mounted monitoring equipment used by utilities or their service providers in leak search applications, or for shale-gas & oil extraction site surveillance.

                                                  Axetris' LGD advantages:
                                                  • Reliable Measuring Performance
                                                  • Long-Term Stability
                                                  • High selectivity
                                                  • Response Time T90

                                                • Biogas Detection

                                                • Biogas is characterized based on its chemical composition and the physical characteristics which result from it. It is primarily a mixture of methane (CH4) and inert carbonic gas (CO2). However, the name “biogas” refers to a large variety of gases resulting from specific treatment processes, starting from organic waste – of industrial, animal or domestic origin.

                                                  Different sources of production lead to different specific compositions. The presence of CO2, H2S, NH3 and water make biogas very corrosive, and the use of adapted materials for handling is essential. The composition of the gas issued from a biogas digester depends on the substrate, on its organic matter load, and the feeding rate of the digester.

                                                  The LGD F200 provides industry leading sensitivity combined with fast response and a highly selective measurement. The technology is most suitable for the continuous monitoring of the purity, prior the biogas gas feed into the gas network.

                                                  Axetris' LGD advantages:
                                                  • Linearity over a large measuring range
                                                  • High selectivity
                                                  • High stability
                                                  • Long-term stability

                                                • Fugitive Emissions

                                                • Fugitive emissions are emissions of gases or vapors from industrial equipment due to leaks and other unintended release of gases. Besides the economic cost of lost commodities, fugitive emissions are a major source of air pollution and contribute to climate change. Recent studies have estimated that fugitive equipment leaks have a global warming potential equivalent to the release of 17 million metric tons of carbon dioxide, which amounts to roughly 12 per cent of all greenhouse gases emitted by the industrial sector. Venting of natural gas, flaring, accidental releases and storage losses accounted for an additional 38 per cent.

                                                  Ammonia Detection in sewage water treatment plants
                                                  Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and sewage - domestic, commercial and institutional. During such processes, high ammonia (NH3) concentration can accrue, contaminating the ambient air. This can be nasty or even harmful for the working staff at the plant.

                                                  Axetris’ Laser Gas Detection Module LGD F200 presents an excellent solution for this measurement challenge because it provides a contactless measurement, and - unlike electrochemical detectors - does not degrade over time. The Axetris LGD F200 enables continuous, low ppm-range NH3 measurements and can be used for effective ventilation control and scrubbing installation management to reduce health threats and odor problems.

                                                  Axetris LGD advantages:
                                                  • High selectivity
                                                  • Linearity over a large measuring range
                                                  • High stability
                                                  • Low cost of ownership

                                              • Industrial

                                                  • NH3 slip control in De-NOx

                                                  • Gases like N2O can cause significant long-term environmental effects. Considering an over 100-year period, it has 310 times more impact 'per unit weight' (Global warming potential) than carbon dioxide according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

                                                    Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) technologies for NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen, NO +NO2) controls have become the most popular means of NOx reduction worldwide. From large coal-fired power plants and container ships to small four-cylinder cars, these technologies are now used worldwide.

                                                    In these processes, ammonia is used as a reagent to reduce the NOx emissions. By-products from these technologies can include ammonia. This is a classic case of measure and counter-measure where an effective pollutant control strategy needs to be multi-dimensional and take into account operator capabilities to ensure the control strategy does not create a greater problem in the long run. Multi-pollutant control strategies can diminish some of these harmful byproducts, however only effective real time measurements and automated controls can ensure long term reliability, thereby making the LGD F200 an invaluable tool for controlling this process effectively.

                                                  • Industrial SCR, De-NOx

                                                  • In power generation, NOx can be reduced by up to 99 percent with SCR where NH3 (or aqueous urea) is injected into the exhaust gas stream to react with NOx on the surface of a catalyst to form nitrogen and water. During this process, ammonia slip can occur, which either needs monitoring during operation or for system design and testing.

                                                    SCR System integrators worldwide have designed and implemented ammonia measurement systems based on the LGD F200 in various industries, including:
                                                    • Coal-fired power plants Natural gas-fired power plants Chemical plants

                                                    Advantages:
                                                    • Hot-gas measurement up to 220°C
                                                    • Compensated for high moisture
                                                    • High NH3 selectivity
                                                    • Low ppm-level detectivity

                                                  • Marine SCR, De-NOx

                                                  • The shipping sector is a considerable contributor to global emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Stricter regulations by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) in the 2008 Amendments to MARPOL Annex VI, apply globally from 2016. All new ships sailing within an Emission Control Area (ECA) must reduce NOx emissions to meet the strict Tier III requirements.

                                                    SCR is becoming a widely-accepted technology to meet the Tier III requirements for NOx emission limits, and can be used with marine engines using various standard fuel types.

                                                    The Axetris LGD F200 offers a unique product which can be designed into marine SCR systems for continuous measurement of ammonia slip as a process conformity verification to protect the catalyst, while increasing the overall efficiency and ensuring safety of onboard personnel. Portable ammonia monitoring test equipment can be a powerful tool for spot checks and process optimization (engine mapping) for the equipment manufactures.

                                                    Advantages:
                                                    • Hot-gas measurement up to 220°C
                                                    • Compensated for high moisture
                                                    • High NH3 selectivity
                                                    • Low ppm-level detectivity

                                                  • Automotive SCR Test Stations

                                                  • Most major automotive OEMs today offer SCR systems as a standard feature to achieve international norms for automotive exhaust pollution. The widespread adoption of the SCR technology by the automotive industry has spurred a lot of research activity to further improve existing systems, or to develop new solutions.

                                                    Automotive SCR test equipment manufacturers worldwide trust the Axetris LGD F200 for their ammonia monitoring needs.

                                                    Advantages:
                                                    • Compensated for high moisture
                                                    • High NH3 selectivity
                                                    • Linearity over a large measuring range
                                                    • Low ppm-level detectivity

                                                  • Surface treatment—nitrogen hardening

                                                  • Surface hardening, treatment of steel by heat or mechanical means to increase the hardness of the outer surface while the core remains relatively soft. In Carburizing or Carbonitriding the donor is a nitrogen rich gas, usually ammonia (NH3), which is why it is sometimes known as ammonia nitriding. When ammonia comes into contact with the heated work piece it disassociates into nitrogen and hydrogen. The nitrogen then diffuses onto the surface of the material creating a nitride layer.

                                                    This process has existed for nearly a century, though only in the last few decades there has been a concentrated effort to investigate the thermodynamics and kinetics involved. Recent developments have led to a process that can be accurately controlled. The thickness and phase constitution of the resulting nitriding layers can be selected and the process optimized for the particular properties required. The Axetris LGD F200 Sensor OEM Module with its large linear measuring range from 0–5000 ppm represents a reliable measuring solution for this application achieving a good control of the layer properties and thickness.

                                                    Axetris LGD advantages:
                                                    • Linearity over a large measuring range
                                                    • High selectivity
                                                    • High stability
                                                    • Continuous sensor status monitoring

                                                  • Agriculture, Poultry, Livestock Control

                                                  • Livestock production is a major contributor to ammonia (NH3) emissions that present a serious health & safety hazard for the personnel, the animals and the environment in general. Because of its role in acidification, eutrophication and ground-level ozone generation, ammonia emissions need to be reduced within the framework of the EU Directive on National Emission Ceilings (NEC Directive). Increasingly farmers are required to install ammonia scrubbers in livestock operations to reduce NH3 emissions. Additionally, ventilation control needs to be optimized in order to reduce exposure of animals to NH3.

                                                    Axetris’ LGD presents an excellent solution for this measurement challenge because it provides a contact-less measurement, and—unlike electrochemical detectors—does not degrade over time. It thus enables continuous, low ppm-range NH3 measurements and can be used for effective ventilation control and scrubbing installation management to reduce health threats and odor nuisance from air discharged from stables.

                                                    Axetris LGD advantages:
                                                    • Low ppm-level detectivity (NH3)
                                                    • Linearity over a large measuring range
                                                    • High selectivity
                                                    • High stability

                                                • Laser Gas Detection in Breath Analysis

                                                    • Gastrointestinal Diseases

                                                    • Breath tests represent an effective way to investigate functional bloating, diarrhea, constipation, and suspected malabsorption, such as lactose and fructose. They are considered as a valid alternative to more invasive procedures. Approximately half the biomarkers identified in human breath air can be detected by laser spectroscopic techniques. TDLS is a robust and reliable technology able to sense many of these biomarkers such as methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). The spectroscopic analysis of breath air can shorten the period needed to conduct tests from hours down to seconds and subsequently reduce mortality, prevent unnecessary hospitalization and greatly reduce medical expenses. Breath analysis is also seen as an effective diagnosis instrument helping in defining the appropriate antibiotic therapy at an early stage.

                                                      Elevated methane levels can suggest indigestion and are a possible indicator of fructosemia or lactose intolerance. Axetris Laser Gas Detection technology is capable of measuring methane with unprecedented precision at trace levels. Methane provides important insights into the performance of the carbohydrate metabolism.

                                                      Carbon dioxide is a quality indicator, signaling whether the subject is taking sufficiently long and deep breaths. Low levels of carbon dioxide suggest shortness of breath. It has also been identified as an indicator of certain infections as well as liver malfunction and excessive bacteria growth. It is also often used as a reference to determine the amount of exhaled air that has been detected by the sensor to help determine the percentage concentrations of constituents.

                                                      Axetris LGD advantages:
                                                      • Reliable Measuring Performance
                                                      • Long-Term Stability
                                                      • High selectivity
                                                      • Response Time T90

                                                    • Pulmonary Diagnostics / Ergospirometry

                                                    • Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) is a valuable tool for evaluating the respiratory system, representing an important element in analyzing the patient history. Insight into the underlying pathophysiology can often be gained by comparing the results obtained from pulmonary function tests with normative values derived from population studies. The percentage of predicted normal is used to grade the severity of the abnormality. Practicing clinicians must become familiar with pulmonary function testing because it is often used in clinical medicine for evaluating respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea and cough, for stratifying preoperative risk, and for diagnosing common diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.

                                                      The LGD F200 offers an ideal solution for many breath analysis applications where gases such as CO2 need to be analyzed quickly and accurately. The OEM module is extremely easy to integrate and offers a competitive cost-to-performance advantage over commonly used technologies.

                                                      Axetris LGD advantages:
                                                      • Linearity over a large measuring range
                                                      • High selectivity
                                                      • High stability
                                                      • Continuous sensor status monitoring

                                                  • Research

                                                      • Climate Change Research

                                                      • Axetris’ Laser Gas Detection modules can reliably and selectively measure various potent greenhouse gas (GHG) in low ppm concentrations—without the need for frequent recalibration. These applications are related to CO2 certificate trading and/or to compliance with environmental regulations for reduction of GHG emissions.

                                                        Axetris LGD advantages:
                                                        • Low ppm-level detectivity
                                                        • High selectivity
                                                        • Self-contained, easy to integrate
                                                        • Continuous sensor status monitoring

                                                      • Underwater research

                                                      • Axetris’ LGD can reliably and selectively measure various potent greenhouse gas (GHG) in low ppm concentrations—without the need for frequent recalibration. It also provides continuous sensor status monitoring and is thus ideally suited for underwater or remote-site applications where access is very costly, e.g. in environmental research.

                                                        Axetris LGD advantages:
                                                        • Low ppm-level detectivity
                                                        • High selectivity
                                                        • Calibration-free (ideal for remote sites)
                                                        • High stability